Global financial crisis debt securitization - Free Essay Example

The present global financial crisis is the worst financial crisis world has witnessed since the great depression of the 1930s. In this essay, I attempt to critically review the role played by capitalism in causing this crisis. I shall concentrate the causal events that happened in United States of America, though there were similar events to lesser extents that happened elsewhere in the world, especially in developed countries. Such related causal events in other countries are not unexpected, given the significance America has in the global economy, as well as the fact that comparable ideas were used by politicians and financial institutes across the globe. In the first part of the essay, a brief history of debt securitization is given, followed by various details on how the system of CDOs (collateralized debt obligations) used to function. In the latter part, the effects it had on the whole financial system is analyzed as well as what went wrong and the reasons behind it. The essay concludes by critically reviewing the whole system and linking it to the principles of Capitalism, that was found to be the root cause of this systemic failure. A brief history of debt securitization The current system of securitisation of house mortgages started in the eighties. Though many have tried to present this system as an innovative technology initiated by private companies to spread their risk, the reality is different. It was a result of the US Federal reserve in 1979 controlling growth of money to reduce inflation. Hence financial companies were forced to chase risky high return mortgages. However, the aftermath of this was that these financial companies had to transfer these risky assets from their books. Thus the system of securitization was born. Many economists realized the high potential of this system. Mortgages and other assets were grouped into various risk classes, and the prices of each of these were varied depending on the risk covered. Buyers of these packaged assets could pick the ones that matched with their risk appetite. These financial companies charged fees for the originating these loans, as well as for evaluating the risk and further charges a serv ice fees. The capital market would then sell these sliced and diced packages as CDOs (collateralized debt obligations) to fit the demands of the potential investors. This whole system was hailed as a major democratic movement because this helped many middle class people to get into home ownership. Initially, the banks and other financial institutions thought that they will not be affected by any interest rate risks. This also brought two additional possibilities. Firstly, CDOs and packaged debt assets could be easily traded anywhere in the world, and were free from any national borders. Post world wars, and the subsequent growth that happened across the developed countries (and most of developing countries), there was huge amount of investors with money, who were in search of high returns. Hence the risk appetite of these investors were high. Hence, these packaged assets were very sought after by these investors. It did not take much time before the value of these securitized debts overtook the value of US Federal debts market Minsky. Also was the advantage that these assets were denominated in dollars (1987). Secondly, the significance of banks declined in comparison to capital markets. So much that the share of banks trading financial assets declined from fifty percent to twenty five percent in the years from 1950 to 1990. There were experiments conducted by the policy makers favouring unregulated capital markets. For instance, for the banks to function profitably, they had to have a 450 points spread between the assets interest rate and liabilities interest rate. This was essential to profitably cover the profits including the return on capital, customer service costs as well as the costs to meet strict government regulations. In contrast, the capital markets operate under much relaxed rules such as exemptions from capital and reserve ratios, and hence could afford a lower spread. To overcome these tough regulations, banks started charging for the origination of these loans, but moved these loans outside their books so as to get away with the reserve requirements as well as capital requ irements. Then it was the job of the investment banks to purchase these mortgages, package them based on the risk profile into various CDOs and sell them to the investors. Various stakeholders responsible for the crisis According to Minsky (1987), these large multinational investment banks will then pay credit ratings agencies and get good credit ratings. Economists were also hired by them, to show that the earnings will be much more than the risks associates. Hence these credit rating agencies and economists, effectively acted as if they were credit enhancers, helping these investment banks by certifying that the potential risk of default on these subprime mortgages were not too different from that of other traditional mortgages, thus helping these CDOs to get investment grade rating that are looked upon by pension and insurance fund managers. Also, other enhancements such as early repayment penalty and guaranteed buybacks in case of exceedingly large number of foreclosures and defaults, were added to these packages. The buybacks later became significant because when the financial crisis happened, these buyback guarantees came to haunt these backs, because the risk was transferred back to these ban ks. Also, these securities were insured by companies such as CFIG, AMBAC, MBIA, FGIC Corp etc. These investment banks would have found it extremely difficult to sell these securities had there been no good credit ratings and no affordable insurance (Gutscher and Richard 2007). When the financial crisis started, ratings for these very insurers got degraded, thereby affecting the securities they had insured. One of the root cause of the problem can be pinned down to the incentive structure that was in place. After the 2000 stock market crash, alternate profit avenues were in demand from the investors. Because the Fed followed a low interest rate regime, the conventional markets did not present them the required returns. They wanted to chase high return high risk investments. Also, the brokers got excellent incentives for persuading the mortgage borrowers to agree to extremely adverse terms and conditions, in the process increasing the securities value. Also, hybrid variety of ARMs were also promoted. These risky mortgages were even approved by Greenspan, the Fed Chairman. Some studies reveal that out of the total subprime loans of $2.5 trillion performed, most borrowers got a bad deal than they were eligible for. Wrong incentives and credit enhancers For instance, many borrowers with good credit scores who would have been eligible for traditional loans, were persuaded to take these high risk sub-prime mortgages. Most of them were at least eligible for better terms and conditions. The root cause of this problem was the incentive plans which rewarded these brokers immensely (in comparison to traditional loans) for promoting these high interest high risky loans (Simon and Brooks, 2007). Brokers and originators also were not persuaded to ensure proper documentation and the borrowers capability to repay these mortgages, because they did not have to worry since the originators will not be holding on to these mortgages. This was like an assembly line in which the brokers and banks were profiting by the income they got from fees and service charges, and not from interest rate spread. Hence they were rewarded more by the quantity of mortgages they promoted. Thus in reality, most of these affordable mortgages werent what they promised, because when the borrower had to reset these loans, they had to pay service charges for various agents and early repayment penalties. The bankruptcy laws made it almost impossible for the borrowers to escape from the mortgage debt. These laws were passed by the US Congress, and it acted as another form of credit enhancer to these invest banks, who later sold these assets. Comparison with conventional banking Hence, the whole package of these CDOs with all these incentives and enhancements made it extremely easy for the investors to buy these very risky assets without much reluctance. While traditional banks stressed a lot on the features of the mortgage borrower (age, assets, income, profession, credit history etc), this new system meant that there was infinite amount of money available to invest in these extremely risky CDOs, with no incentive to assess the repayment ability of these borrowers. Thus extremely risky debts were grouped and divided into different groups again, and were sold to various investors, who bought them based on their risk appetite. As with any debt, the senior tranche will be the first priority for repayment, and the junior tranche only after the seniors are paid. However, it is almost astonishing to notice that some of these junior tranches were grouped again and again, thereby converting some of those extremely risky debts as highly rated investment-grade senior debt. All this made the whole system extremely fragile. High leverage ratios This new system of securitization into CDOs also increased the leverage ratios, and it was not uncommon to see leverage ratios as high as fifteen-to-one or even more. The hedge funds and other investors put only a small amount of their own capital into these securities. Thus the economic stability promoted creativity and innovations, however by stretching and increasing the leverage ratios and easy availability of credit, making the whole system inherently unstable and fragile. What encouraged the financial companies to increase leverage ratios is that for whatever expected losses, ROE (return on equity) is raised by higher and higher leverage ratios. This was fuelled by the fact that the house prices or real estate prices (the underlying assets in this case) kept on increasing because of demand fuelled by this easy availability of credit, thus the new loan amounts kept increasing and further encouraging financial companies to keep on increasing the leverage ratios (both loan amount- to-borrower income and loan amount-to-loan value. The logic (or assumption) used was that these houses can be either sold or refinanced later at a much higher value if at all any unexpected trouble occurred. Minsky stated that the capital markets and the whole system will undergo three stages: 1.) hedge stage 2.) speculative stage and finally 3.) Ponzi Stage. All these stages required the price of these underlying assets to appreciate in order to confirm it. Hence, owing to this virtuous cycle, it was very hard to prevent the Ponzi stage from happening. Wrong assumptions According to Chancellor (2007), the risk management methodologies used in modern times makes use of data on historical volatility, as a substitute or alternative to risk. If volatility declines, subsequently the risk is also supposed to decline, thus encouraging financial companies to enhance the leverage ratios. Bernanke in 2004 described the period as great moderation, which basically suggested that since volatility is permanently less, it was encouraged to have higher leverage ratios. Thus, Chancellor states that a fund (eg: hedge fund) with just pound;1 million of its own funds was allowed to have a leverage of as high as pound;85 million of CDOs, an astonishing 85 to 1 leverage ratio! Problems with the system The newly formulated system of debt securitization was very little regulated by policy, and was not flexible enough to change as things went bad. Rather than being a highly controlled industry, housing finance was very much a highly unsupervised, speculative and highly leveraged industry. The whole Ponzi scheme will stop only when asset prices declined or stopped rising, or if interest rates rose. Both of these scenarios were almost impossible to avoid, because they were both correlated dynamically since Federal rate increases will result in a decline in speculation, and will ease the increasing housing prices and will result in a rising risk spreads. The aftermath What happened after the start of this crisis were completely unexpected. The losses on these highly risky highly leveraged sub-prime surpassed expectations which were all based on historical data. This resulted in the prices of asset prices to decline drastically, creating a panic across the markets. Problems in one market spread rapidly and increasingly to other markets, which includes the commercial paper, mutual funds and money markets. The commercial banks were now extremely risk averse, and did not even lend for small time periods. Because of the very high leverage ratios, extremely huge losses were suffered by money managers, many times much more than their capital. They had to quickly respond to this crisis, and they did it by deleveraging by selling the assets on their books, which inevitably put a lot of negative pressure on those assets prices. The rippling effect Following the subprime mortgage market collapse, the panic and qualms broadened to similar and dissimilar asset-collateral security markets, which included municipal bond and real estate bond markets. Markets realized the extent and significance of the systemic faults with the system, particularly that of the credit rating companies credit ratings. The markets also understood, though very late, that insurers would have tremendous losses, if all these asset-backed securities were riskier than understood earlier. This resulted in the severe downgrading of these insurers credit ratings. Since the financial position of these insurers became extremely bad, the assets those insurers had insured became valueless thus the security and bond ratings were severely downgraded. In a lot of instances, to make things even worse and regrettably, the worst securities were also held by these investment banks, and had either held positions in some of these insurers, or had guaranteed taking back these mortgages. To improve the terrible condition the capital markets and the global financial markets were in, the United States government had to come out with massive bail outs of its various bank and insurance companies. Some of them went bankrupt, but some of them were too big for them to be allowed to fall. Till Jan 2009, almost one trillion dollars of bad debt was completely written off by those financial institutions combined, assisted mostly by those government bailouts. Conclusion Till 2009 January, the US Treasury had provided almost four hundred billion dollars of assistance, mostly by purchasing the assets, and in certain cases taking equity positions. The actual cost of supporting the financial system is expected to be much more, at least some trillions of dollars. It is worth noting that the whole securitized debt market was only around ten trillion, and the share of the sub-prime mortgages were more than 2.5 trillion dollars. From all these facts explained above, one thing is evident and clear. The series of events that caused this financial crisis would not have happened had the markets been more regulated, and most importantly, had the policy makers not believed and followed the tenets of capitalism so blindly. The extremely heavy losses and bankruptcies that have happened, and those that are yet to happen are not just the case of bad housing loans offered to poor home loan borrowers for them to purchase luxury manors which they did not have the capaci ty to repay. But instead, this is clearly a case of failure of the so called neo-liberal capitalism, which believed in unregulated markets, markets will decide for itself what is good for it, regulation means bad for businesses and economy, Its all about creating shareholder value etc. There has been a systemic failure, and sadly those people who were responsible for the whole sequence of events have gone scot-free, and the millions who are terribly affected are the very same low-income or middle class people (including pension funds and other social security funds), who were deceived by those responsible for it all. It is high time that governments who come to power repossess finance from the completely unregulated capital markets, and bring in necessary regulations to make the system more equitable and stable. This will also help bring some order back to the system, and regain some control from the Wall Street 6.

The TOEFL iBT PDF Test - Useful Info

The TOEFL iBT PDF Test - Useful InfoThe TOEFL iBT PDF test is an average various media test that is administrated on the Internet. This implies you can take it in the solace of your own home from the solace of your home PC. Nonetheless, you can likewise utilize this sort of a test in view of the way that a great many people need to be tried at their home as long as possible.In request to excel on the TOEFL iBT PDF test, you have to realize what's in store with regards to the inquiry types. Indeed, there are questions that will be viewed as generally normal and the sort of inquiries that a great many people find troublesome. A few people would believe that these inquiries are simple however that isn't the situation. You should be acquainted with what is anticipated from you, so you can step through the examination efficiently.Here are a portion of the regular inquiries you will jump on the TOEFL iBT PDF test. These are completely identified with the trial of verbal appreciation and ho w the language is utilized and spoken. Knowing the responses to these inquiries can assist you with ensuring that you finish the assessment with flying colors.Picture This is an inquiry that incorporates a few unique pictures. The entire procedure is to get the understudy to recognize which picture is remembered for the rundown. Most understudies will experience difficulty recognizing pictures, and they will bomb the test miserably.Verbs This is an inquiry that is posed on action words and descriptive words. The understudy should respond to this inquiry effectively so as to get a passing evaluation. The action words are getting some information about the most widely recognized action words that you may hear in ordinary life.Answer This is an inquiry that pose in the event that you realize the best possible approach to pose inquiries and the best approach to pose inquiries. By and large, the understudies will get confounded by this inquiry. Be that as it may, this inquiry will just n ecessitate that you realize how to pose inquiries. It won't necessitate that you really have the information on the subject.Subjunctive This is an inquiry that pose to you to attempt to utilize the English language appropriately. This is a dubious inquiry for some understudies to reply, and the appropriate response will be exceptionally difficult to decide. So as to find the best solution, understudies should be comfortable with all the primary pieces of the English language and their uses.The TOEFL iBT PDF test is definitely not a troublesome test to pass. With only a little practice, you will have the option to get the best outcome on this test and expert it without experiencing any difficulty.

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College Essay Writing Samples Examples - the Story

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Health Care Management Paper Topics

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<h1>How to Write an APA Style Paper</h1><p>APA has been a normally utilized style for explore papers since it came into utilization. The principal creator's name shows up in the top edge of the paper, and it comes in one-inch line dispersing. It is the default style of introduction that a dominant part of specialists use when composing an article, book, or report.</p><p></p><p>Now that APA is broadly utilized, numerous individuals are pondering whether it is hard to compose an APA style paper. In all actuality it very well may be. To compose an APA style paper, you will initially need to realize what APA is and how it works.</p><p></p><p>The APA is short for American Psychological Association. This is the body that has been set up to advance and guide logical research. While this may seem like something worth being thankful for, it isn't generally the situation. There have been various differences between different res earch foundations that encompass this journal.</p><p></p><p>It is vital to take note of that this diary doesn't have a place with a particular scholastic rules. They were set up to support conversation inside scholastic circles. This means it is dependent upon the scientist to choose what sort of language they need to use.</p><p></p><p>The individual who set up the association to introduce scholastic rules is known as the publication board. It was the board of trustees that proceeded to allot names to every section in a book or thesis.</p><p></p><p>Most inquire about organizations have a lot of gauges that every part should follow. For instance, on the off chance that a name is spelled diversely in the book or proposal, at that point it must be spelled a similar path in the article. So fundamentally, this ought to be the way APA functions as well.</p><p></p><p>If you are considering how t o compose an APA style paper, you can discover on the web. This is only a tick away and gives all of you the data you need. The online book is substantially more far reaching, as there are in reality a ton of style papers there.</p>

40 Back From Christmas Break Writing Prompts

Christmas break is over and now its time to get back into the swing of things. Your students will be very eager to talk about all that they did and received over the holiday break. A great way to give them the opportunity to discuss their adventures is to write about it. Christmas Break Writing Prompts What was the best gift that you received and why?What was the best gift that you gave, and what made it so special?Write about a place that you went over the Christmas break.Write about something you did with your family over Christmas break.How did you bring joy or happiness to someone other than your family this holiday season?What are your familys holiday traditions? Describe all of them in detail.What is your favorite Christmas book? Did you get to read it over break?Are there any parts of the holiday that you didnt like? Describe why.What are you most grateful for this holiday season?What was your favorite holiday food that you had over break?Who was the person you spent the most time with and why? What did you do with them?What would you do if Christmas, Hannukah, or Kwanza was canceled this year?What is your favorite holiday song to sing? Did you get a chance to sing it?What did you miss the most about school when you were on break and why?What was one new thing you did this h oliday break that you didnt do last year?What will you miss the most about Christmas vacation and why?Did you get to see a movie over winter break? What was it and how was it? Give it a rating.Think of three New Years resolutions and describe them and how you will keep them.How will you change your life this year? Describe the steps you are going to take.Write about the best New Years Eve party that you have ever attended.What did you do for New Years Eve? Describe in detail your day and night.Write about something you are looking forward to doing this year and why.Write about something you hope will get invented this year that will change your life.This will be the best year because†¦I hope that this year brings me†¦.Make a list of five ways your life is different this year than it was last year.Its the day after Christmas and you noticed you forgot to unwrap just one gift†¦This year I really want to learn†¦.In the next year, I would like to†¦.My least favo rite thing about Christmas break was†¦List three places you wish you could have visited over winter break and why.If you had a million dollars, how would you spend it over winter break?What if Christmas only lasted one hour? Describe what it would be like.What if Christmas break was for one three days, how would you spend it?Describe your favorite holiday food and how you can incorporate that food into every meal?Write a letter to Santa thanking him for everything you received.Write a letter to the toy company about a defective toy you received.Write a letter to your parents thanking them for everything you received for Christmas,If you were an elf how would you spend your Christmas vacation?Pretend you are Santa and describe how you will spend your Christmas break. Celebrate the Holidays with Christmas Activities

Tips on Writing an Essay - 5 Tips on Organizing Your Thoughts

<h1>Tips on Writing an Essay - 5 Tips on Organizing Your Thoughts</h1><p>Some things to remember when composing an article. An exposition resembles a paper or a journal in that it ought to be sorted out and all together. As you continue through the course of composing your exposition, these tips will assist you with organizing your considerations, break down data, make legitimate connections between different realities, sort out your contemplations into parts, lastly, present your article such that everything is comprehended and acknowledged. The accompanying thoughts on the subject of composing an article will assist you with building up your thoughts, create techniques for improving your style, and furthermore upgrade your cognizance of the fundamental ideas of school essays.</p><p></p><p>First, compose a concise outline of the point. There are two ways to deal with beginning an article. One methodology is to start your exposition with a ge neral presentation that should catch the perusers consideration in the beginning.</p><p></p><p>Second, start with a little depiction of the general structure and substance of your paper. You can utilize words, for example, 'Section', 'Ends', 'Creators Note', and 'End' to assist you with summing up the points that are being talked about. While this technique for composing an article is perfect, it may not be suitable for all subjects.</p><p></p><p>Next, follow the organization of posing inquiries. A few inquiries that you might need to remember for your paper are how to locate a phenomenal investigation control; what sort of PC you have to work admirably of research; what is a quality article for the exposition segment of the test; how would you decide the best arrangement for composing your own exposition? Follow the configuration of inquiries to get a precise thought of what themes you ought to remember for your article. At that point , incorporate inquiries to help make the peruser need to discover more.</p><p></p><p>After responding to past inquiries, diagram a section plot. On the off chance that you have to incorporate notes about your subject, incorporate them here. The principle subject of your paper ought to be a solid point so as to urge perusers to look into further subtleties. When composing an end, you ought to consistently incorporate a solid point since this is the exact opposite thing a peruser needs to see.</p><p></p><p>The keep going tip on this rundown is to compose an exposition that tells understudies the best way to put all the data they gained from the perusing, the test, and different assets to use to get ready for the following article and future tests. This likewise assists with forestalling disarray during the way toward composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>These tips on composing an article will assist you with sorting o ut your considerations, to utilize the data accumulated from the readings, the test, and different assets to get ready for the following exposition and future tests. While a portion of these tips may not work for each subject, in the event that you execute them all you will be more ready to settle on shrewd choices. Keep in mind, it's just composing that issues, and composing great is the best teacher.</p>

Examples of a Good College Application Essay

<h1>Examples of a Good College Application Essay</h1><p>There are numerous instances of a decent school application article, however there are likewise some that are not as acceptable. This implies in the event that you are one of the understudies attempting to get acknowledged to your school, it is critical to know the essentials of composing an elegantly composed school application article. Coming up next are a few instances of a decent school application essay.</p><p></p><p>The first case of a decent school application paper is one that doesn't begin with an inquiry or a confirmation. An article starts with an inquiry, regardless of whether it is an individual paper school application exposition, letter of proposal, or an application exposition. Ordinarily, a school will allow you five minutes to introduce yourself or your case for acceptance.</p><p></p><p>The first thing to recollect when composing an article with regards to your school application is that the more data you can give, the better. This applies in each point you expound on. Truth be told, in the event that you are attempting to get a fair evaluation in a class, give everything you need to get the evaluation. The exact opposite thing you need to do is turn in an awful essay.</p><p></p><p>Another genuine case of a decent school application article is one that requests that you include more data. For instance, instead of essentially composing a bio about yourself and what you have done before, you can include individual data, work subtleties, most loved recollections, and things you can add to the class. You can likewise incorporate more realities about yourself and your life that you can give in your bio.</p><p></p><p>Some different instances of a decent school application article can be expounding on a period you went to school. Tell about a class or an occasion that causes you to r ecall the school or the experience. Different thoughts are: Writing about the significance of going to a specific occasion, for example, a graduated class work, a graduation, or a game. Another case of a decent school application paper can be the manner in which you think. As I said previously, a great exposition should end with an inquiry, yet there ought to likewise be a type of opening explanation. Now and then it is ideal to simply incorporate what your objectives are. It might be extraordinary to depict your arrangement to go to school and giving a valiant effort to achieve that.</p><p></p><p>These are only a couple of instances of a decent school application exposition. As should be obvious, there are numerous to browse, so you should delve into the subtleties on the best way to compose a decent school application article, or recruit an expert writer.</p>

Essay Topics For Bullying

<h1>Essay Topics For Bullying</h1><p>When you are searching for article subjects for harassing, the best activity is to take a gander at the different components that make up the circumstance. The things that can add to this sort of tormenting, and they can extend from inner, or that which is brought about by inside variables, two outer, or those that are achieved by outside components. These variables are significant in deciding how you should move toward the current theme. In this way, what are a portion of the various elements that you have to know?</p><p></p><p>There are numerous distinctions that exist between little youngsters who are in various age gatherings. While it is a characteristic thing to perceive how these vary, this isn't the correct method to move toward a point, for example, this. For a certain something, there are age contrasts. In any case, what is progressively significant is to discover what the mental sort of harassin g is.</p><p></p><p>As expressed, there are various variables that decide how the paper points for tormenting will go. On the off chance that you are going to investigate this point, at that point you are going to need to focus on the mental sorts of tormenting. The most widely recognized kind of harassing that happens at school, is tormenting that is inward in nature. This is a sort of tormenting that is brought about by people being excessively possessive, or jealous.</p><p></p><p>The impacts of this kind of harassing are commonly going to be on the mental part of the person in question. This may incorporate that the individual who is doing this has issues with their own capacity to trust, or that they can't size up others. In any case, you can have confidence that you will be ready to discover what these mental issues are, and how you can address them.</p><p></p><p>If you are attempting to get additional consi deration from the educator, at that point this is another sort of tormenting that you have to investigate. Since there are a wide range of sorts of this, and the explanation behind each can differ broadly, it tends to be exceptionally difficult to get the consideration of the correct individuals when you need to expound on it. Along these lines, the best activity is to take a gander at what the most widely recognized kinds of this are, and the way where they can be addressed.</p><p></p><p>It is critical to understand that there are various things that must be finished with harassing so as to keep the casualties in the clear. The most widely recognized thing that is done is to get the guardians in question. Now and again, the school itself will deal with this, despite the fact that it might be elusive out how they handle the harassing in the first place.</p><p></p><p>It is imperative to get that albeit mental tormenting might be not qui te the same as the standard tormenting that you find in state funded schools, it is as yet going to have similar impacts. One of the most well-known issues this can prompt is that the casualty will get timid, or that they will be excessively saved. It can likewise make them experience the ill effects of sorrow. This is the reason it is so critical to discover everything you can about mental harassing, and to get all the data that you can in writing.</p><p></p><p>As you can see, there are different ways that you can move toward the subject of article themes for tormenting. This is on the grounds that these components contrast significantly starting with one individual then onto the next. This is the reason you have to focus on your topic, and ensure that the data that you put in writing is accurate.</p>

Should You Use a History Topic in Your Essay?

<h1>Should You Use a History Topic in Your Essay?</h1><p>Should you get an article with a history subject? This is an inquiry that will come up more regularly as understudies become progressively keen on history.</p><p></p><p>History can be a hard liable to expound on in an article. On the off chance that it's a scholastic exposition, at that point the teacher may think you are attempting to demonstrate some different option from truly recounting to a story. What's more, in the event that you do your very own account to assist you with composing an exposition, you'll need a couple of words to clarify that you are just rehashing what is as of now known.</p><p></p><p>But in the event that you choose to utilize a history theme, you should be cautious. You should utilize some exploration so as to pull data and bits of the past together. The history you present will contrast from how others see it. What's more, since you wi ll introduce data that others probably won't concur with, you should choose what data to incorporate and what to exclude.</p><p></p><p>Of course, in the event that you don't know what to compose, a history exposition point is a decent method to begin. However, you despite everything need to ensure you utilize great subject thoughts when you are composing your article. Because you realize history doesn't imply that you have a deep understanding of it. Utilize this data to help you in your writing.</p><p></p><p>Get great sources to assist you with making sense of things. You have to discover the realities of the time you're expounding on. What occurred at that point? How did individuals respond to the adjustments in the general public? What new thoughts were being introduced?</p><p></p><p>Using great chronicled realities will give you an establishment that you can expand on later. On the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea about the realities of the timeframe, you may just wind up confusing the realities in your paper and getting the realities wrong.</p><p></p><p>Once you have the establishment and some great point thoughts, go to a library and locate a course reading. Peruse this book and afterward return and consider what you realized and what points may work best in your essay.</p>

Ways to Make Your Descriptive Essay Interesting

<h1>Ways to Make Your Descriptive Essay Interesting</h1><p>When you are planning for your school expositions, composing a clear article is one of the most significant subjects to compose an unmistakable paper on. In any case, something that can demoralize you from composing this kind of exposition is the dread that nobody will at any point read it. Dread not, however, as there are a wide range of ways that you can draw in more perusers to peruse what you have written.</p><p></p><p>One of the most impressive approaches to make your expressive paper fascinating is to fuse humor. You have to make a point that individuals can identify with so as to get them to open up and read your exposition. It will be much simpler on the off chance that you can call attention to a few unique ways that you identify with the themes you are expounding on. For instance, you can identify with losing cash, in the event that you lose some cash imprudently purchasing excursion to your nearby shopping center. Rather than concentrating on the advantages of your excursion, you can concentrate on the way that you shouldn't purchase what you need to and afterward relate that advantage to your trip.</p><p></p><p>The next thing that you can do to make your distinct paper fascinating is to incorporate enough detail to cause the peruser to understand that they will discover something of enthusiasm for your article. On the off chance that you are expounding on someone else or occasion, you have to remember data for their inclinations, likes, and aversions. At that point, you have to clarify how that information identifies with what you are expounding on. By and by, you can concentrate on how the data can be utilized by the peruser to help them.</p><p></p><p>Another approach to make your unmistakable article fascinating is to have an image in your exposition. You can even have an image that fits into the topi c of your article, for example, a bicycle or a boat, however they are regularly just pictures that are identified with the current subject. This will assist you with making the subject fascinating, just as give you an approach to flaunt your ability at drawing pictures.</p><p></p><p>Finally, in the event that you truly need to make your enlightening graphic article intriguing, you can include a smidgen of dramatization into it. In the event that you can be somewhat more explicit about what prompted your theme, at that point you can cause more to notice it. For instance, on the off chance that you can say that you lost a ton of cash since you found a new line of work offer from a speculation broker, you will have the option to show signs of improvement reaction from the reader.</p><p></p><p>A incredible approach to add dramatization to your article is to relate it to a past occasion. In the event that you can utilize the case of somebod y who has lost their employment, you can perceive how a similar situation could transpire on the off chance that you lost your employment. Utilizing this technique, you can add a bit of diversion to your topic.</p><p></p><p>If you realize that your spellbinding paper will be increasingly educational, all the more fascinating, and more engaging than just perusing a portrayal of the realities, at that point you should set aside the effort to compose a smidgen of show into your theme. This will make your paper significantly more liable to speak to the peruser. Keep in mind, however, that an elucidating paper isn't just bravo, yet it is likewise intriguing to the reader.</p>

What To Write

What To WriteIf you have a few minutes to spare, take the time to learn about a sample article for informational essay. It is an easy way to prepare yourself for your next essay on an aspect of life. You can easily learn about what to write, where to write it, and how to revise it so that it sounds exactly like what you want it to sound like. It is a great tool to help you as you try to write a better essay.Writing an essay on anything is not something that everyone enjoys doing. You need to make sure that you know exactly what topic you are going to be writing about. This will help make your life easier and allow you to write a better essay. Start by looking at what you know.Knowing some popular topics will give you a good foundation to start from. When you know which topics you like, you can start to search for articles to use. Try to find ones that have the same topic as yours. When you look for samples, read the entire piece and see if there is anything that does not make sense.A fter you have used a few articles to research your topic, look at them again and try to rewrite them for clarity. You want to make sure that you take out anything that does not make sense to you or is irrelevant to your essay. Once you have done this, your essay should start to come together.The next thing you need to do is to make sure that you learn how to proofread it before you send it in. When you look at it, you want to make sure that you understand all of the details in it. Make sure that you read it over again so that you know what to change so that it sounds the way you want it to sound.There are many different themes that you can use. Find one that seems to make sense to you and then start writing. Once you finish, revise it for clarity. It does not matter if you take a little bit longer than usual, because when you are done with your first draft, you will realize that you were able to get the ideas out of your head and into writing.Make sure that you use samples that are easier to use on your own. You do not want to have to redo things all over again because they are too difficult. Take some time to look at the topics that you have chosen and see if they are easy to use or if they require more work.Remember that it is not hard work to get ideas out of your head and into writing. If you take the time to make sure that you have the right information and that you make your writing perfect, you will find that your essay will turn out to be great. You do not have to be the best writer in the world to write a great essay; all you need is to know what topics to research and then you can get to work.

Research Paper Topics For Medical Law And Ethics

Research Paper Topics For Medical Law And EthicsResearch paper topics for medical law and ethics require unique creativity. Law students pursuing a career in this field should understand that their career choices are limited by their ability to learn the complexities of a wide variety of issues. More specifically, they must learn about relevant areas of the law, and how they relate to what they are trying to study. Good news: these areas can be approached in an effective way.Healthcare practitioners who provide the best care generally will have a lot of practice with their legal counterparts. Therefore, researching the basic regulations and important cases involving healthcare professionals can be fun and educational. The key is to identify those areas where good practice occurs and not stick rigidly to the categories that the law specifies. This means that the student will be able to apply the law in a creatively innovative way, and one that will bring together both the personal and professional aspects of health care practices.It's easy to get distracted by the sheer number of research paper topics that exist, but with the right motivation, research can be fun and rewarding. With research topics for medical law and ethics, there is no shortage of opportunities to pursue a creative angle. You might choose to consider how professional organisations and the government work together, such as through the ANRCL. Of course, you need to have the background and experience to make a good case for your topic. However, research paper topics for medical law and ethics require a specific level of expertise and will require additional research and input before the project begins.Another area that offers creative challenges for research paper topics for medical law and ethics is the law related to technological developments in medicine. The medical community is currently moving towards incorporating more of the latest devices and technologies into their treatment techniques. This might mean the creation of new laws that prevent clinical trials that introduce harmful or unpredictable new technology.Regardless, of whether the topic is specific to law, ethics or technological innovation, finding potential problems is often the best way to begin a project. Once the nature of the problem has been identified, it's relatively easy to put together a convincing argument on the many possible areas of concern. With research paper topics for medical law and ethics, a range of interesting challenges exist, and students will be able to research their areas of interest successfully.Furthermore, this area of study requires students to approach the topic as a specialist, and not as an 'everybody else' specialist. When you read the term 'specialist', think about how different other areas of the law are to medical law. Whereas a solicitor might focus on representing a client, a medical practitioner might be concerned with the care of the patient, or might focus on litiga tion issues in particular areas of the law. With research paper topics for medical law and ethics, there is great demand for people who can identify both sides of a debate, and who can identify the implications of various laws.Students need to focus on the expertise of a specialist within a particular area of the law. They should then be able to apply that knowledge and expertise in a relevant manner in their own clinical practice. After all, a doctor needs to be knowledgeable about the law, but also well versed in the legal systems he/she is working in. In this way, the learner will be able to prepare for all sorts of complicated issues, and put together a positive case for his/her ideas in each of the key areas of the law.The best research paper topics for medical law and ethics don't have to be the easiest things to come up with. However, with the right starting point, it's possible to use the expert knowledge of individuals who are experts in their own field to inspire successfu l research papers. After all, these people are not just 'lawyers'. They will know that the importanceof being an expert in a particular area is a key component of their success.

Be the First to Know What an Old Pro Thinks About Custom Research Paper

Be the First to Know What an Old Pro Thinks About Custom Research Paper Custom Research Paper Fundamentals Explained Many times, a distinction between both research types is framed regarding using close-end questions rather than the open-ended ones or using words rather than numbers. From them you will discover aids of all kinds out there. No is additionally a potent example to your children in case you have any. Most theories suggest that only very disturbed folks do horrible actions if they're ordered to achieve that. Explain how you intend to begin conducting your research. Infant feeding practices refer generally to fulfill the nutritional and immunological needs of the child. The absolute most important problem faced by student is the shortage of wisdom and skill to research on a specific topic. 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Custom Research Paper Features Clearly recognize the crucial sources you mean to use and explain how they are going to promote your analysis of the topic. With the assistance of such an outline, you are going to be able to learn how the paper will look like and will be capable of going from 1 paragraph to another smoothly. The papers might be rejected if they don't apply the APA format. Employing an outline template can assist the student organize the paper and eliminate the ideas that aren't related to the aim of the essay. By downloading a sample, you are going to learn how to write reaction paper and prevent common mistakes. Whether there are any main limitations of your work, you're able to also mention this in brief withi n the introduction. Thus you're more likely to be successful. For instance, you own a cell memory of the way to ride a bike from your actual bodily experiences biking for a kid. You might not decide on a particular topic instantly, and that's okay! A title page is typically in the middle of the page and is a succinct overview of the topic. A refined title page isn't as unreachable as it may seem. The title page for a research paper is among the most significant issues. A research paper involves surveying a field of knowledge as a way to get the best possible info in that area. Additionally, being formatted correctly, it provides the reader a comprehension of how responsibly you've approached the preparation of your assignment. Relevance Your research question ought to be based on current info and technologies. On top of that, you're confident your personal data will be held in strictest confidence. What About Custom Research Paper? You might also want to suggest additi onal research or comment on things that it wasn't possible that you discuss in the paper. Every one of the papers cited must be from a peer-reviewed journal in order to produce the arguments valid and dependable. 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Sakae Sushi Business Plan - 6612 Words

BU2005 Entrepreneurship Sakae Sushi Business Plan By: Lu Mi (12668064) Zhou Ke Jun (12618536) Aditya Nandal (1266) Mayank Bhardwaj (12669440) mayank.bhardwaj@my.jcu.edu.au Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective marketing, sales strategy, target customers, production cost, expenses and capital requirements of Sakae Sushi. It is an in depth report that discusses about the rise of Sakae Sushi as one of Singapore’s major restaurant chains. This report talks about the methods†¦show more content†¦He saw that his business was doing well in Asia and this made him think of expanding outside Asia. He started of with the United States of America but due to the world financial crisis in 2008 his dreams of doing well in the States were shattered and it was hard to sustain the business in New York. Mr. Foo being a great Entrepreneur spotted the difficulties early on during the financial crisis and he finally decided to shut down operations at the Chrysler building in New York. Insights on the Company Mr. Douglas Foo introduced the first branch of Sakae Sushi at Raffles place in Singapore in the year 1997, knowing it’s going to be a tough fight Mr. Foo never backed out. He worked really hard along with his team to penetrate into the market and establish Sakae Sushi in the country. To attract customers they kept the prices low in comparison to other competitors, which attracted more customers and soon went on to open new outlets one by one and finally today they own more than 30 outlets in Singapore but he did not stop here, his plans of becoming world renowned motivated him to open new outlets in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and the People’s Republic of China, with intentions ofShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan Sakae Sushi8191 Words   |  33 Pages| | | Table of Contents Business Case Study: Sakae Sushi 2 I. Executive Summary 2 II. Overview of the Industry 2 III. Description of Company 3 1. Market / Product Positioning 4 2. Pricing 6 3. Customers 7 4. Market Size and Trends 7 5. Competition 8 6. Estimated Sales 9 IV. Sales Strategy 10 1. Methods of Sales 10 2. Advertising and Promotion 11 V. Business Development Status 12 1. Production Process 12 2. Cost of Development 13 3. Labour Requirements 14 4. ExpensesRead MoreMarketing Plan5044 Words   |  21 PagesExecutive Summary Sakae Sushi is a local Japanese restaurant which offers affordable, good quality and healthy Japanese food. Despite the stiff competition, it is currently the market leader. The purpose of this marketing plan is to identify and analyze the current market, future market and possible opportunities to capture a bigger market share which in turn leads to increased profits. Key issues of how they are going to maintain as market leader through the use of new marketing strategies toRead MoreMarketing Plan3129 Words   |  13 PagesMarketing Plan Sakae Sushi 1.0 Introduction With 33 outlets in Singapore, its green frog logo has become a familiar, welcome sight. Synonymous with a fun-filled, value for money dining experience, Sakae Sushi is the only kaiten sushi chain in Singapore to offer a fuss free 2-tier pricing system. With colour plates going for merely S$1.99 and premium red plates at S$4.99, you can sit back and enjoy your meal without having to constantly worry about the bill. (http://www.sakaesushi.com.sg/aboutgoodRead MoreSun Zi4203 Words   |  17 Pagesthe basic strategies used in business today. Sun Tzu suggested the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He thought that strategy was not planning but it requires quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions. Planning will only work in the controlled environment. In changing environment, a competitive plan or creating an unexpec ted situationRead MoreSun Zi4203 Words   |  17 Pagesthe basic strategies used in business today. 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New Business Adventure and Target Market

Question: Write the description for New Business Adventure and Target Market. Answer: Introduction: An identifying business opportunity has become a key success factor for the modern marketers today, as it helps to analyse the degree of improvements the business is going to experience through the new venture. Before entering into the new business venture, a precise evaluation of the target market needs to be conducted by the entrepreneurs to attain knowledge regarding the competitors and the validity of the present experiment as well. This scenario becomes more crucial in the beverage industry as the number of competitors is rising significantly in the global market (DingBang, 2012).Considering the fact, the current study attempts to open a coffee shop in the Singaporean market and its business opportunity as well. This study also provides the logical justification for choosing beverage industry along with its validity in the Singaporean market, considering the case study of a fast food organisation ABC Coffee Limited (Ltd). ABC Coffee Limited has planned to expand its current busi ness venture in the Singaporean Coffee industry. Considering the fact, a range of competitor analysis of the ABC Coffee Limited fast food industry would also be made in the current study ending with the reflection note of the overall study. Opportunity and justification of the new business venture: The Singaporean Coffee market is primarily dominated by Nestle, which accounts for more than 42% of the retail value share (www.euromonitor.com, 2016). Supporting to this fact, Sutherland (2007) stated that the Coffee business profitability in increasing by 7-10% regarding the retail sales volume. Thus, the Singaporean Coffee market could introduce new business opportunities to the ABC Coffee Ltd. At the same time, it could also create greater competitiveness of the current firm as well (Pawle and Delfaud, 2014). However, the fresh ground Coffee pods and a variety of Kopi items could likely to benefit from an increasing customer base, as this product is considered more appealing to the customers from the older generation. Steger and Ionescu-Somers (2008)also added that due to the beach location, the international visitor rate in the region is frequently increasing. The customer footfall in the beachside restaurants grew by 17%. Additionally, the regular disposable income has influenc ed the tourists to increase the expenditure margin by another 8% in the present business location (Taleghani et al. 2013) This scenario indicates that the Changi Beachside location could facilitate the current business venture regarding experiencing greater footfall. The affirmative response of the existing population regarding the Coffee and beverage item could benefit the firm by increasing revenue, margin of averaging 10 % for each business year (www.singaporecoffee.org, 2016). Thus, it could be inferred that the ABC Coffee Limited could achieve a sustainable business positioning for its new business venture. Porters Five Forces: Competitive rivalryThe firm ABC Coffee Ltd would face a strong force of competitive rivalry in the market of Singapore. For an example Sutherland (2007) stated that a large number of firms like Strabucks, Costa Coffee would be the main competitors of the ABC Coffee Ltd. Bargaining power of buyersThe company would experience the strong force of bargaining power of buyers while operating in the seaside of Sinagpore. The substitute availability of the products and the lower switching cost would be the most significant forces affecting the business of the ABC Coffee Ltd.Bargaining power of suppliersThe firm would face the weak force or bargaining power of the high variety of suppliers (DingBang, 2012). The large overall supply would affect the operation of the single suppliers of the firm. Thus, the firm would need to adopt a strategic initiative to diversify its supply chain process. Threat of substitutesThe firm, ABC Coffee Ltd would experience the strong force of the threat of the sub stitutes. In the opinion of Taleghani et al. (2013), the Five Forces analysis model affects to the impact of the substitute goods and services offered by the coffees shop. The availability of the adequate substitutes would restrict the customers to shift towards the rival coffee shop. Threat of new entrantsAs the firm, ABC Coffee Ltd is the new entrants in the market of the beverage industry, moderate cost of doing business and moderate supply chain cost would help the brand to enhance the market share (Venkatesh, 2015). On the other hand, the other new entrants with the high cost of brand development would become a threat of new entry firm to the ABC Coffee Ltd. Evaluating the target market: At the initial stage of the new venture, ABC Coffee Limited could start the store operation nearby Changi Beach, in the eastern region of Singapore. Also, the firm could primarily focus on the cappuccino, espresso, caf latte, cold smoothies and Cold Coffee. Along with the smoked chicken, burgers and waivers also need to be introduced to catch the attention of all age groups as well (Chen, 2007). The store location could also generate added advantage regarding attracting a large pool of customers (Bahar and Aysel, 2015). The professionals and a large pool of student group, can be attracted towards the firm, due to product innovativeness and the store location as well.In brief the target audience of the Coffee shop ABC Coffee Limited could be as follows: Kids and teenagers: Customers aged between 13-17 years could bring 2-5% sales of the firm. Steamed milk and whipped cream topped Coffee drinks could also become popular among the teenagers and the kids. Fridell (2007) also stated that kids go with the parents to have fun in the Coffee shop. Thus, the food quality needs to be managed considering the health choices of the parents. Complimentary products: The complementary food items such as the sandwich, burgers, smoked chicken, etc. could be offered as additional items to attract more customers towards the brand. Offering the corresponding item could be feasible for the brand as the brand has prior experience related to the fast food service industry. Adults and young adults: The current firms primary target market could be the men and women aged between 25-45 yrs. Considering the fact, Etienne (2006) stated that this group of people accounts for more than 52% of the Singaporean Coffee business. Focusing on these target segments could help the firm growing the strength of its target audience at a rate of 3% per year (www.singaporecoffee.org, 2016).Conversely, Jones (2010) indicated that the fierce market competition in the Singaporean beverage market might resist the firm attaining large customer base towards the enterprise. Thus, greater investment in the research and unique product offering could reduce the chances of gaining moderate customer bases in the initial phase of the business. Considering the fact, the brand could introduce traditional food items, which can bring the majority of the customers to the brand. Within the first two-quarters, the firm could target to earn revenue of 45,000 SGD. Krishna et al. (2014) also added that decent return on investment could be experienced by offering unique product offerings in competitive pricing offerings. Thus, through the potential brand planning and targeting the adult and young generation customers, the brand could experience more than 30% profitability in the Singaporean Coffee market (www.singaporecoffee.org, 2016). Once the business manages its individual identity, a diversified product range could be introduced to maintain the brand popularity among the competitors (Davis et al. 2012). Secondary research for analysing the competitors and the validity of the venture: Starbucks and the Nestle are the prime competitors of the ABC Coffee Ltd. Starbucks Coffee Singapore is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Starbucks Coffee since 2004. The first Starbucks store was opened in December 1996 (www.starbucks.com, 2016). According to the opinion of Iqbal (2012), Singapore is the third international country where the firm has introduced its sensitive customers to enhance the experience of Starbucks. It has been observed that the firm has managed to contribute 4% of the market share to the Singapore economy. In the opinion of Lim (2016), the quality of both the beverages and the complementary food items are the major advantage of the brand. However, Venkatesh (2015) argued that the brand fails to tap the middle-income group due its premium price range. Hence, it could be derived that diversified product offerings and the attractive store ambience could help the firm, ABC Coffee Ltd. to draw the attention of the customers. Adding to this, the other rival group, Nestle, which had obtained almost 42% retail value share in the coffee market of Singapore (www.nestle.com.sg, 2016). The firm has started its Singaporean operation in 1912 and has built its success largely in the coffee market of Singapore (www.nestle.com.sg, 2016). The affordable price range of the products is the major advantage of this company. As per the opinion of Taleghani et al. (2013), the unlimited complementary food items are the prime strength of Nestle. Therefore, the firm ABC Coffee Ltd. would need to focus on the standard food quality and the affordable price range for attaining the customers attention. In this present scenario, Sutherland (2007) mentioned that offerings of complementary beverage items would be helpful for the management of ABC Coffee Ltd. to grab the attention of the customers. As per the opinion of Pawle and Delfaud (2014), the range of Cappuccino and the other beverage has to be started from S$6 per product and the Espresso could be started from S $7. Therefore, it could be inferred that diversified product offering with an affordable product range and the lucrative store ambience could help the brand to increase the customer attention. Supply Chain Management It is the proven fact that the beverage industry is highly dependent on the supply chain management system. Therefore, the ABC Coffee Ltd. would encounter the risk of supply chain management process if could not appoint potential suppliers. As per the opinion of Davis et al. (2012), the loss of a single reliant supplier could lead the firm to experience a huge loss of the income. Thus, it could directly affect the consistency of the business. In this present context, DingBang (2012) stated that selection of more suppliers and maintain a healthy relationship with the suppliers could help to mitigate the distribution and supply loss. As a consequence, if one fails to deliver the required ingredients, the product could be expected from the other suppliers. High Capital Investment As the firm is going to penetrate in the new target market, a high capital investment would be a high risk while developing the set up at the area Changi Beach in Singapore. It has been speculated that there is the presence of several leading competitors with the same domain so that, the high capital investment would not be convenient for ABC Coffee Ltd. while entering into the coffee market of Singapore. On the other hand, Fridell (2007) mentioned that the products withdrawn from the market would require covering by its selling costs. Thus, it would require to include a strong settlement for reminiscence the cost that has been experienced by the other coffee companies. The high capital investment would experience a loss of funds to the entrepreneur of the ABC Coffee Ltd. Market Stability Considering the opinion of Jones (2010), as the coffee shop would be located in the beach area so that the coffee shop would attain the maximum percentages of the visitors. As a consequence, the management of the ABC Coffee Ltd. would need to keep a focus on the health factors of the customers. The health obscurities of the customers could affect the market stability factor of the firm. The comprehensive market research on the coffee industry reflects that high price of the products could reduce the market popularity of the newly developed coffee shop as there are several rivals like Costa Coffee (Kolk, 2012). The organised service lines could be helpful to increase the customers footfalls in the coffee shop. Hence, the introduction of a healthier menu and effective workers could help to enlarge the sustainability of the coffee shop in the target market. Reflection: The current reflection describes that ABC Coffee Ltd. is going to penetrate with its new venture of coffee products in the market of Singapore. After analysing the current research, I perceived that a clear evaluation of the target market requires being conducted by the entrepreneurs. It has been observed that the market evaluation and the validity of the present venture are equally important while developing a new business set up in the new market. The study is also helpful to understand the logical justification for selecting the beverage industry in the market of Singapore. During the study, I understood that the entrepreneur of the organisation needs to take severe steps while expanding the business with a new venture like ABC Coffee Limited, which is going to enhance its business operation to the coffee beverage from fast food items. In the portion of the opportunity in the target market, the firm has encountered the leading organisation like Starbucks, Nestle as its main compet itors. I have realised that the coffee business profitability in the market of Singapore is continuously increasing. In the addition, I have realised that The Changi Beach Area in the Singapore would be a premium place for starting the new business venture for ABC Coffee Ltd. I perceived that the fresh ingredients, lucrative store ambience and the diversified food product items could be helpful for attaining the maximum customer footfalls in the seaside area. Furthermore, the study has helped me to understand the affirmative response of the existing customers regarding the Coffee and beverage item that would benefit the coffee shop to increase the revenue margin. The evaluation of the target market segment reflects that the brand would get different types of customers starting with kids, teenagers to young adults and the business personnel. In the addition, the seaside location of Changi Beach in Singapore helps the firm to compete with the leading rivals. During the research, I cam e to know that affordable price and lucrative store ambience would be fruitful for ABC Coffee Ltd. to draw the attention of the customers. After that, while analysing the issues of the firm at the time of development, it could be measured that Supply Chain Management, High Capital Investment and the Market Stability would be the reason of the risk issues for the firm, ABC Coffee Ltd. while developing the new set up of a coffee shop in Singapore. On the other hand, the strategic initiatives like a potential group of suppliers, innovative product offerings and the low investment would help the brand to overcome the issues. At the initial phase, this kind of activities would help the brand to attain an optimum level of popularity in the market of Singapore comparing with the leading coffee firms. Finally, the analysis of the current share of the existing players like Nestle, Starbucks and Costa Coffee has helped me to acknowledge the initial requirement of the brand to organise the new business venture. Moreover, during the research I perceived that offering diversified products and online customer service could be considered effective enough for the ABC Coffee Ltd. to achieve an outstanding brand positioning and sustainable marketplace in the Singaporean coffee market Conclusion and recommendation: The overall study indicates that the overall brand positioning of the ABC Coffee Limited could attain a potential market position by offering everyday coffee items such as Kopi and Espresso. Altogether S$20,000 capital could be invested to experience a revenue balance within the competitive market segment. The innovative product offerings could be the unique selling proposition of the favourite brand as well. However, at the initial phase, lack of adequate funding could also resist the name from investing a large sum in its marketing activity. Thus, the name popularity might be affected. On the other hand, offering healthy food and average product pricing could also help the brand, attracting all age and income group customers towards the brand. At the same time the market share of existing players such as Nestle, Starbucks, Costa Coffee, could also generate questionable business sustainability of the current firm. Thus, offering product variety and online customer service could be c onsidered sufficient enough for the favourite brand to attain a remarkable brand positioning in the Singaporean coffee market. Hence, the firm could experience higher business sustainability in the Singaporean Coffee Market. References: Association, S.C. (2014) Singapore coffee association (SCA). Available at: https://www.singaporecoffee.org/ (Accessed: 11 July 2016).Bahar, T. and Aysel, E. (2015) Customer love: Research on the ranking of food and beverage locations, Management Marketing, 10(2), pp. 2022.Chen, M.-H. (2007) Entrepreneurial leadership and new ventures: Creativity in entrepreneurial teams, Creativity and Innovation Management, 16(3), pp. 239249.Corporation, S. (2015) Starbucks Singapore. Available at: https://www.starbucks.com.sg/about-us/starbucks-singapore (Accessed: 11 July 2016).Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Alcott, P. and Pantelidis, I. (2012) Food and beverage management. 5th edn. New York: Taylor Francis.DingBang, L. (2012) Attractiveness of coffee and the elements for building a attractive coffee shop, Journal of Convergence Information Technology, 7(20), pp. 4755.Etienne, G. (2006) Principles of cleaning and sanitation in the food and beverage industry. United States: iUniverse.Fridell, G. (2007) Fair trade coffee: The prospects and pitfalls of market-driven social justice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division.Iqbal, B.A. (2012) Indo-Us business relations in 21st century, Singaporean Journal of Business , Economics and Management Studies, 1(3), pp. 2336.Jones, C. (2010) The rise and fall of the high street shop as an investment class, Journal of Property Investment Finance, 28(4), pp. 275284.Kolk, A. (2012) Towards a sustainable coffee market: Paradoxes faced by a multinational company, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 19(2), pp. 7989.Krishna, L.K.R., Watkinson, D.S. and Beng, N.L. (2014) Limits to relational autonomy--the Singaporean experience, Nursing Ethics, 22(3), pp. 331340.Lim, G. (2016) Value chain upgrading: Evidence from the Singaporean aquaculture industry, Marine Policy, 63, pp. 191197.Nestl in Singapore (no date) Available at: https://www.nestle.com.sg/aboutus/nestle_in_singapore (Accessed: 11 July 20 16).owned, E. is privately, trademarked, terms, these and Policy, P. (2016) Coffee in Singapore. Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/coffee-in-singapore/report (Accessed: 11 July 2016).Pawle, J. and Delfaud, D. (2014) How does your cappuccino feel?, Research World, 2014(44), pp. 5052.Steger, U. and Ionescu-Somers, A. (2008) Business logic for sustainability: An analysis of the food and beverage industry. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Sutherland, K. (2007) Market overview: Food and beverage, Filtration Separation, 44(2), pp. 3234.