Utilitarianism Essay examples - 1220 Words

This essay will present the key features of Utilitarianism and identify the problems of Utilitarianism to the extent to which they make Utilitarianism unacceptable. Jeremy Bentham founded Utilitarianism. He lived at a time of great change. With revolutions in France and America, demands were being made for human rights and greater democracy. Bentham worked on legal reform. Utilitarianism is associated with the principle of utility. Utility means the amount of satisfaction or pleasure that somebody gains from consuming a commodity, product, or service, i.e.; useful. The hedonic calculus, which is his system for measuring how good or bad a consequence is: At the time Bentham put forward the theory it†¦show more content†¦Louise does not want to have sex. James, Peter and Matthew rape Louise, as there are three of them and one of her.† This is the greatest good for the greatest number of people; however it is an immoral action. Bentham was an empiricist (the philosophical belief that all knowledge is derived from the experience of the senses), i.e.; food or sex. Bentham maintained that human beings were motivated by their five senses and that humans would always seek pleasure and avoid pain at all costs. To measure the pleasure he devised the hedonic calculus, which consisted of seven principles each of which could be given a numerical score. These consist of its intensity, duration, certainty or uncertainty, propinquity or remoteness, fecundity, purity and possibly wit. This should make it clear how beneficial the greatest good for the greatest number is. An example could be â€Å"A car is on fire. Inside the car is a doctor with the cure to cancer and your own child and you can only save one.† Using the hedonic calculus you would save the doctor with the cure to cancer rather than saving your own child. This is the greatest good for the greatest number of people, even though it is not the greatest for the individual and family. However, while John Stuart Mill agrees with Benthams fundamental principles and approves of his method he maintains that theShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism : Utilitarianism And Rule Utilitarianism871 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism, which is also called consequentialism, is a theory in normative ethics. It is one of the best known and most influential moral theories. The main idea of utilitarianism is to determine whether actions are morally good or bad, right or wrong depends on their consequences rather than intentions. (Moreland 1) In order to understand utilitarianism, it is important to learn about Jeremy Bentham, who is the influential philosopher represented utilitarianism the best. The utilitarianismRead MoreUtilitarianism, Utilitarianism And Rule Utilitarianism980 Words   |  4 Pagesother one is utilitarianism. The former follow the idea that the consequences of you action hold no importance in what we ought to do. But rather, some actions are morally wrong or good by itself. The latter follows an opposite view in which the consequences of an action are what it makes an action moral. Specially, if that action produce the greatest happiness over unhappiness. In this essay I will focus on two Utilitarianism ramifications, act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. They both agreeRead MoreThe Concept Of Utilitarianism And Utilitarianism1216 Words   |  5 Pagesfor pure cynical satisfaction. Combining the subjects of torture and utilitarianism can cause a large moral dilemma. I believe that torture can be justified by the utilitarian principle, and the example given is acceptable. Yet, I believe that the concept of utilitarianism is idealistic but not realistic. Often related to utilitarianism is the term, hedonism. Utilitarianism is considered to be a type of hedonism. Utilitarianism is all about creating the greatest amount of happiness for the majorityRead MoreUtilitarianism And Its Criticisms Of Utilitarianism1437 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism And Its Critiques Utilitarianism is a well known consequentialist ethical theory popularized in the 19th century by a philosopher named John Stuart Mill. Mill was one of the greatest proponents of utilitarianism but many philosophers since have revealed significant flaws with his theory, one being a more contemporary philosopher named Bernard Williams. Williams has many objections with utilitarianism, which i will divulge momentarily and determine whether these objections are justifiedRead MoreUtilitarianism And The Theory Of Utilitarianism1373 Words   |  6 Pagesmain criticisms of utilitarianism are opposites of each other in terms of belief. The first group to oppose the happiness theory draws their conclusions from the typical sense of the word utility, where it typically stands for the opposition of pleasure. The other group to oppose this theory holds the opposite view and thinks that utilitarianism bases everything on pleasure. Neither of these are accurate representations of what utilitari anism is. The author defines utilitarianism as â€Å"something toRead MoreAct Utilitarianism And Rule Utilitarianism978 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of pleasure to a situation: act and rule utilitarianism. I will define both act and rule utilitarianism, give a situation where both can be applied, and respond to an objection of utilitarianism. I will also be discussing why I believe act utilitarianism helps more people than rule utilitarianism, in turn, becoming ‘superior’ to rule utilitarianism. 2. To begin, I will be defining both act and rule utilitarianism. In act utilitarianism, you determine the morality of an act by measuringRead MoreUtilitarianism Vs. Mill Utilitarianism1004 Words   |  5 Pagesanism: Bentham VS. Mill Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that holds the morally right course of action in any given situation is the course of which yields the greatest balance of benefits over harms. More specifically, utilitarianism’s core idea is that the effects of an action determine whether actions are morally right or wrong. Created with the philosophies of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Utilitarianism began in England in the 19th Century. BenthamRead MoreUtilitarianism : Utilitarianism And Philosophical Ideas1427 Words   |  6 PagesMill begins his book on Utilitarianism by laying out some basic ethical and philosophical ideas. From what I have read in his book I believe that Utilitarianism can be defined as the idea that humans should make decisions based on the ability to promote the most happiness to them. Another way to say it would be that Utilitarianism states that a good decision is what brings the most happiness to the most people. Mill based his utilitarian theory on the decisions that people make. He says the decisionsRead MoreUtilitarianism Vs. Utilitarianism Theory909 Words   |  4 Pages In the history of philosophy Utilitarianism has been viewed as one of the best of the moral theories. It has become one the most powerful, influential, and most persuasive approach to normative ethics. The utilitarianism theory also has had a major impacts on approaches to economic, political, and social policy. The utilitarianism theory had originally had been created by Jeremy Bentham. His version of was that aggregate pleasure after deducting suffering of all involved in any action. HoweverRead MoreMill s Utilitarianism : Utilitarianism1251 Words   |  6 PagesMill’s Utilitarianism For centuries philosophers have attempted to explain morals, creating ideas that break this ethical system down into basic components. English philosopher, John Stuart Mill, was a large contributor to the idea of utilitarianism. Although Mill’s utilitarianism provides a strong argument for explaining morality, it is not a bulletproof theory. J.S. Mill’s Principle of utility, also known as the greatest happiness principle, is an ethical philosophy that looks at the development

Dell Computer Supply Chain Management Essay - 7134 Words

Dell Computer Supply Chain Management Table of Contents Executive Summarynbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; 3 Focus of the Proposalnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; 4 Research and Analysis: Dell ¡Ã‚ ¯s Competitive†¦show more content†¦Although Dell is an extremely successful company, there are areas of improvement and enhancement that should be considered. After a thorough analysis of Dell ¡Ã‚ ¯s IT tools, business model, IT infrastructure and competitive advantage, we have developed seven key suggestions. By implementing these recommendations, Dell can keep its high ranking in the competitive computer industry by increasing customer satisfaction, competitive advantage and superior value chain, without changing its principal operations to achieve these goals. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Our recommendations allow Dell to enhance their supply chain management system, increase customer service, gain market share, and increase revenue. 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Consider selectively adding other vendors to its supply chain management system. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Initiate a program to use  ¡Ã‚ °Customer Surveys ¡Ã‚ ± to gain marketShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Supply Chain Management System: Dell Computer Corporation1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Supply Chain Management (SCM) System Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of activities which help a company to improve the methods to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. (Larson, 2004) SCM encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management activities. More importantly, it includes coordination and collaboration with other people who are associated with the business likeRead MoreEssay on Senior Project Manager1081 Words   |  5 Pages| U02A1 Dell Supply Chain | James DeHaven | BUS3022 Fundamentals of Supply ChainCapella University | Why has Dell’s Direct Supply Chain been so Successful? The direct supply chain model that Dell has been using for many years to sell customized PC’s to customers via the internet has been very successful. Dell designed and structured the supply chain to provide customized computers in a quick manner and with a reasonable price. Customers can visit the Dell website and configure the PCRead MoreDell’s Competitive Advantage:1038 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantage Dell is officially the No. 1 computer systems company in the world. Dell is able to sustain a competitive advantage over competitors in the computer industry because of an extremely efficient supply chain/distribution system. Dell is able to achieve superior profits in the industry because they are a knowledgeable user of information, communication, e-commerce, e-business, internet, and web technologies. Michael Dell states that Dell is so successful because of â€Å"Knowledge Management†. MrRead MoreDell Value Chain1717 Words   |  7 PagesVALUE ADDED CHAIN IN DELL SUBMITTED BY: SIDDHARTHA DAS ROLL NO: 32 BATCH: PGDM (FM) 2010-12 SUBJECT: Project and Infrastructure Management: Financing, Implementation and Control Table of Contents Sl.No. | Description | Page No. | 1 | VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS | 3 | 2 | VALUE CHAIN IN DELL | 4 | 3 | DIRECT SELLING STRATEGY OF DELL | 5 | 4 | COMPONENTS OF DIRECT SELLING STRATEGY | 6 | 5 | ADVANTAGES OF VALUE CHAIN OF DELL | 8 | 5.1 | CONCLUSION | 9 | CHAPTER-1 What is ValueRead MoreCase Study - Dell Value Chain1162 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1 How has Dell used its direct sales and build-to-order model to develop an exceptional supply chain? The many challenges in order to improve the supply chains usually come with the unidentified. Many companies produce products they think their consumer will want. After that, they ship their products to retail stores. Then, these stores try to sell the products to the customers. Here, the supply chains slows down as they are figuring out what to build next. Then, these companies deal withRead Moredell supply chain managment1676 Words   |  7 PagesCourse: Supply Chain Management (SCM) Assignment One – Singular Unit Supply Chain Management Subject HOW DELL IS MANAGING ITS SUPPLY CHAIN Writer Bassam Badran IV Date of delivery 10-10-2012 Due date (submittal) 10-11-2012 Grade 20% References Compiled from several articles in Business Week (1997 through 2001); cio.com (2001); dell.com, accessed March 27, 2003; Hagel (2002). 1. Principals and Reasons In this project you would understand the concept of managing the supply chain in DellRead MoreManaging And Designing Value Chain Networks1575 Words   |  7 Pageswith individual assessed work 2 0 0 9 8 0 9 8 1 Student Identification Number: Module Code: LUBS 5242 M Module Title: Managing and Designing Value Chain Networks Module Leader: Dr. Nicky Shaw Declared Word Count: 1499 â€Æ' Introduction The value chain theory was initially developed by Michael Porter (1985) to describe a chain of value-adding activities/functions within an organisation that perform distinctively from competitors to achieve competitive advantage. However, several researchersRead MoreDell Inc And How It Uses Customer Data Drive The Manufacturing Of Its Products1348 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This essay will focus predominantly on Dell Compter Inc and how it uses customer data to drive the manufacturing of its products. Discussion on how Dell uses technology to make business decisions is presented. The current model of distribution is investigated and finally recommendations will be made in terms of overall improvement to the current operating model. This paper will discuss how Dell pioneered a shift in computer manufacturing, the method it used to become a leader in thatRead MoreCase Study - Dell Value Chain1171 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1 How has Dell used its direct sales and build-to-order model to develop an exceptional supply chain? The many challenges in order to improve the supply chains usually come with the unidentified. Many companies produce products they think their consumer will want. After that, they ship their products to retail stores. Then, these stores try to sell the products to the customers. Here, the supply chains slows down as they are figuring out what to build next. Then, these companies dealRead MoreSOME SUCCESS STORIES IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 1688 Words   |  7 PagesSOME SUCCESS STORIES IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Adriano O. Solis, Ph.D. Academic Advisor, NAPM El Paso Wal-Mart Stores Perhaps one of the most commonly cited success stories in supply chain management (SCM) is that of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., which reported total sales of $191.329 billion and a net income of $6.295 billion during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2001 (see www.walmartstores.com). These figures represent a 15.9% growth in total sales and a 17.1% increase in net income over

Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions. Answer: Introduction: Ethical dilemma in a clinical setting is a moral dilemma wherein a person has to select between two situations neither of which might resolve the situation in a manner that is ethically acceptable. Advanced Care Planning (ACP) and Directive (ACD) has been an ethical issue widely discussed in the literature (Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, Rietjens and van der Heide 2014). The present essay discusses the significance to Advanced Care Planning and Directive. The paper speaks for the use of ACD in Australia. The professional obligation to respect the autonomy of a patient gives patients the right to refuse or accept treatment. Advance care planning through verbal and written health care directives is the process of documenting the values, beliefs and preferences of the patient about the treatment. End of life discussion held between a patient and a physician is to be documented in a record. Evidence of preferences of patients can be obtained in a legitimate manner when the conversation is between the two parties in the presence of a family member (McLennan et al. 2015). As highlighted by Swetz et al. (2014) ACP has the purpose of safeguarding the autonomy of the patient when he is not in a position to take decisions regarding own healthcare. However, families are found not to agree at times with the patients preferences, and this is more prominent when a critical decision is being taken. The prime reasons for such action are the alternative option of palliative care (Heyland et al. 2013) . At times of disagreement between patient and family members, there are additional complications in the decision making process. Therefore ethical dilemma lies in the fact that though healthcare providers would be in the favour of respecting the autonomy of the patient, there would be uncertainty regarding the right actions to be taken (Abney et al. 2014). The Victoria government has passed the Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Bill in 2016 that enshrines advance care directives in law. The Act sets distinct obligations for health practitioners providing care to patients who do not have the capacity to engage in the process of decision making. It ensures that medical decision making is consistent the perception of people regarding decisions about medical treatment and personal autonomy and is aligned with modern views (health.vic.gov.au 2016). The standpoint that is taken is that ACP and ACD would be helpful and must be encouraged for patients. Nevertheless, good communication is needed for suitable and harmless delivery of ACP. Since there is alway a scope for obtaining written directives from families and surrogates, compliance with the emotional wishes would not be a problem. ACP can improve communication, enhance relationships, and promote team functioning when a patient is being cared for. In conclusion, it is to be stated that ACP and ACD would provide benefits for the patient in the future. An instructional and value care directive would ensure that the values and views of the patients ae taken into consideration while delivering care to patients, especially for end-of-life care. A health care professional would be able to be a true decision maker in what the best treatment options for the patient are. Reference Abney, L., Burks, A., Pitman, W., Taylor, J., Obert, L. and Kern, N., 2014. Effective communication regarding advanced care planning and end-of-life care options.Womens Health Care,2. Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J.A. and van der Heide, A., 2014. The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review.Palliative medicine,28(8), pp.1000-1025. Heyland, D.K., Barwich, D., Pichora, D., Dodek, P., Lamontagne, F., You, J.J., Tayler, C., Porterfield, P., Sinuff, T., Simon, J. and ACCEPT (Advance Care Planning Evaluation in Elderly Patients) Study Team, 2013. Failure to engage hospitalized elderly patients and their families in advance care planning.JAMA internal medicine,173(9), pp.778-787. McLennan, V.E., Boddy, J.H., Daly, M.G. and Chenoweth, L.M., 2015. Relinquishing or taking control? Community perspectives on barriers and opportunities in advance care planning.Australian Health Review,39(5), pp.528-532. Swetz, K.M., Matlock, D.D., Ottenberg, A.L. and Mueller, P.S., 2014. Advance directives, advance care planning, and shared decision making: promoting synergy over exclusivity in contemporary context.Journal of pain and symptom management,47(3), pp.e1-e3. Www2.health.vic.gov.au. (2016).Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Act 2016. [online] Available at: https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/hospitals-and-health-services/patient-care/end-of-life-care/advance-care-planning/medical-treatment-planning-and-decisions-act [Accessed 23 Sep. 2017].